By Paul Andrew Bourne, M.Sc. (pending); B.Sc. (Hons.); Dip. Edu. “Poor people have to meet the increasing price of foodstuffs whose extra cost does not necessarily mean an increase in nutritional value; indeed in many cases much of the food in advanced societies is losing its food value.” Andrew Webster, 1970, p.16 Webster’s sociological perspective clearly shows that the disadvantaged within our societies are continuously confronted with the situation of having to meet the risi...

Paul Andrew Bourne, Dip. Edu; B.Sc. (Hons) Adam Smith and other classical theorists examined determinants of development and their influence on peoples’ well-being, effectively giving birth to the theoretical construal of development as an economic phenomenon. They inferred that development was a function of economic indicators: such as, economic growth; stable prices; good budgetary management, and proper fiscal and monetary management. Those classical economists’ conceptualization...

  © Paul Andrew Bourne     ABSTRACT     Since its inception in 1862, Jamaica’s tourism product continues to distend socio-politically, demographically and economically with each neoteric decade.   Despite the ‘global depression’ that occurred during the 1970s and early 1980s, the product prolongs to blossom from its traditional past to that of being the chief benefactor to socio-economic dev...

Paul Andrew Bourne, BSc. (Hons) Demography and Economics Fair trade" or "Fairtrade" aims to guarantee not just fair prices, but also the principles of ethical purchasing. These principles include adherence to [International Labour Organization] ILO agreements such as those banning child and slave labour, guaranteeing a safe workplace and the right to unionise, adherence to the United Nations charter of human rights, a fair price that will at least cover the cost of production and facili...