Paul Andrew Bourne, B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. Many developing countries continue to grapple with deficient economic resources, reprehensible government policies and a robust hegemonic class that maintain the exploitation of the laboured class. These societies have a social welfare system that does not ameliorate the wellbeing of the poor. With time, it is revealed that the demagogues are primarily concerned with self, associates and the perpetuation of the status quo that oftentimes exclud...
Paul Andrew Bourne, B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. INTRODUCTION Contemporary societies hold particular social prejudices through their interpretations of the world, which unfold in their actions, policies and thesis. Many systems are designed against stated groups. Single mothers are oftentimes viewed as outcast, and if they are young – the label is ‘whore’. This group is marginalized by societies in comparison to the orthodox married couple. Businesses’ policies, directly or indirec...
Paul Andrew Bourne, B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. The hegemonic supremacy and categorization of the Jamaican landscape is primarily the justifiable reason for the plethora of sophisticated demonstrations in some zones and this is an indication of the social hemorrhaging of the masses. Many of those happenings are caused from the lack of monologue of the business constituents. The elitists have exponentially benefited from playing the proletariat class but they have not offered their clientele t...
By Paul Andrew Bourne, B.Sc. (Hons) UWI Kirszner and Mandel (1998, pp.3-20) in an article titled Writing Essays, posit that writing goes through a series of interrelated processes: "planning", "shaping", "writing", "revising", "editing" and "proofreading" before there is a finality of thought. Without planning, the writing process is oftentimes a maze to which the writer has no end in sight. The prelude to any form of effective writing is the planning stage. It is at this stage that t...
Paul Andrew Bourne, BSc. (Hons) Demography and Economics Fair trade" or "Fairtrade" aims to guarantee not just fair prices, but also the principles of ethical purchasing. These principles include adherence to [International Labour Organization] ILO agreements such as those banning child and slave labour, guaranteeing a safe workplace and the right to unionise, adherence to the United Nations charter of human rights, a fair price that will at least cover the cost of production and facilit...
AUTHOR: Mohammed TEXTBOOK: Contending with Destiny: The Caribbean in the 21st Century EDITOR: Professor Kenneth Hall and Denis Benn Paul Andrew Bourne, B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. INTRODUCTION Mohammed (2000) in "Contending with destiny: The Caribbean in the 21st Century" forwarded a viewpoint on the changing roles of women in Caribbean societies that exposed some of the socio-cultural biases in past as well as contemporary societies. The writer’s monograph lacked critical so...
By Paul Andrew Bourne, MSc. (candidate), BSc. (Hons.) The government of Jamaica and by extension the ruling People’s National Party (PNP) through the Minister of Education, the Most Honourable Mrs. Maxine Henry-Wilson, recently took a principled and land marked position. They argued to allow all the current students (May 2004) of the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, to write their April/May 2004 examinations despite the candidates’ inability to pay their tuition fees. Was the...
By paul andrew bourne, M.Sc. (pending), B.Sc. (Hons), Dip. Edu. The department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work within the Faculty of Social Science at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, recent carried out a quantitative/qualitative study of adolescents. The research was to explore urban St. Catherine adolescents’ reproductive health practices and their survivability. A group of social researchers carried out this study, and chief among them was Herbert Gayle an ant...
By Paul Andrew Bourne INTRODUCTION The education system is a mode of psychosocial and cultural socialization for all societies (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000). It is through this medium that many children are exposed to the requirements of an organic society. Societies function on the basis of solidarity; the purpose through which the educational institutions is to fashion. Despite the primacy of the family in the socialization process, the school is an important agent in value an...
By Paul Andrew Bourne, M.Sc. (pending); B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. William Edward Burghardt DuBois, to his admirers, was by spirited devotion and scholarly dedication, an attacker of injustice and a defender of freedom Gerald C. Hynes W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt) DuBois was born to Alfred and Mary Burghardt DuBois on February 23, 186...
By Paul Andrew jBounre, M.Sc. (pending); B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. INTRODUCTION Political Sciences cannot be viewed in a vacuum from the other sub-disciplines within the social sciences as it is continuously interfacing with subjects like sociology. The branch of study in the social sciences that looks at socialization is sociology. As such, in order that a comprehensive evaluation of this topic be forwarded to readers, the author will critically examine how sociologists view the i...
by Paul Andrew Bourne, M.Sc. (pending); B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. Introduction The doctrine of sociology emerged in the nineteenth century from the major discipline of philosophy; and it is primarily accredited to Auguste Comte. Despite Comte’s formulation of the terminology, sociology, and its basic tenets, the subject was also fashioned by Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. Many academia and other pundits have attributed those scholars as pioneer, fathers, of this branc...
By Paul Andrew Bourne, M.Sc. (pending); B.Sc. (Hons); Dip. Edu. Introduction Marx theory on economic socialism represents the bedrock upon which many postulations emerged including conflict and dialectics that are tenets of a social space in explaining the functioning of society. His thesis played a pivotal role in the formulation of the functioning of dialectic materialism in justifying consensus in capitalist society, and the evolution of revolve from the proletariat class because o...
Paul Bourne, BSc. (Hons.) INTRODUCTION Topology of typology - Jamaica Eastern Jamaica represents extremely steep and rugged topography with the crest of the Blue Mountain Range reaching 2254 m within about 10 km of the coast. Landscape in eastern Jamaica is geologically young (Quaternary). It is seismically most active part of the island and appears to be undergoing geotectonic uplift. Watersheds are relatively small and steep. Rivers flow through steep canyons on...
By Paul Andrew Bourne, M.Sc. (pending); B.Sc.; Dip. Edu. William Edward Burghardt DuBois, to his admirers, was by spirited devotion and scholarly dedication, an attacker of injustice and a defender of freedom Gerald C. Hynes W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt) DuBois was born to Alfred and Mary Burghardt DuBois on February 23, 1868 in a small...